{"id":2960,"date":"2016-04-25T00:11:36","date_gmt":"2016-04-25T00:11:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/old.stjornarskrarfelagid.is\/?post_type=portfolio&p=2960"},"modified":"2016-04-25T00:17:24","modified_gmt":"2016-04-25T00:17:24","slug":"hunsar-althingi-fullveldi-islensku-thjodarinnar","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/old.stjornarskrarfelagid.is\/?page_id=2960","title":{"rendered":"Hunsar Al\u00feingi fullveldi \u00edslensku \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"LAWRENCE
LAWRENCE LESSIG<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

Lawrence Lessig er pr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 lagadeild Harvard-\u00adh\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum. Hann gaf kost \u00e1 \u00a0sem forsetaefni demokrata \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum fyrir kosningarnar 2016 en dr\u00f3g frambo\u00f0 sitt til baka \u00e1\u00f0ur pr\u00f3fkj\u00f6r og kj\u00f6rfundir r\u00edkjanna byrju\u00f0u. Hann hefur stutt \u00f6tullega vi\u00f0 kr\u00f6fu um endursko\u00f0u \u00e1 bandar\u00edsku stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1nni.<\/p>\n

—<\/p>\n

\u00deegar sko\u00f0u\u00f0 er saga stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1a um v\u00ed\u00f0a ver\u00f6ld kemur \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 Bandar\u00edkin skipa \u00fear s\u00e9rstakan sess. Stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 Bandar\u00edkjanna var s\u00fa fyrsta sem \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0in kom s\u00e9r saman um og sam\u00feykkti s\u00e9rstaklega. N\u00fa hafa \u00cdslendingar b\u00e6tt um betur og n\u00e1\u00f0 st\u00f3rmerkum \u00e1fanga \u00e1 \u00feessu svi\u00f0i. N\u00fa hefur \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0, \u00ed fyrsta sinn \u00e1 s\u00f6gulegum t\u00edmum, sami\u00f0 s\u00e9r stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 me\u00f0 gegns\u00e6jum h\u00e6tti og samtakam\u00e6tti, og n\u00fdtt til \u00feess t\u00e6kni sem ekki var til fyrr en \u00e1 tuttugustu og fyrstu \u00f6ld. \u00de\u00f3 vill svo undarlega til a\u00f0 \u00feessi stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 hefur enn ekki \u00f6\u00f0last gildi.<\/p>\n

Flestum er \u00ed fersku minni a\u00f0 eftir fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakreppu \u00e1rsins 2008 h\u00f3fu \u00edslenskir r\u00edkisborgarar einstakt ferli til \u00feess a\u00f0 endurheimta fullveldi sitt. Eitt \u00fe\u00fasund r\u00edkisborgarar voru valdir me\u00f0 slembi\u00fartaki og komu s\u00e9r saman um grunngildin sem vert v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 standa um, og svo var fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 semja stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 me\u00f0 frj\u00e1lsri \u00fe\u00e1ttt\u00f6ku \u00feeirra borgara sem vildu taka \u00fe\u00e1tt. A\u00f0 frumkv\u00e6\u00f0i Al\u00feingis var f\u00f6rinni haldi\u00f0 \u00e1fram me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 m\u00e6la fyrir um kosningu til s\u00e9rstaks stj\u00f3rnlaga\u00feings.<\/p>\n

R\u00edflega fimm hundru\u00f0 einstaklingar bu\u00f0u sig fram til \u00feess a\u00f0 sitja \u00e1 \u00feessu 25 manna \u00feingi sem s\u00ed\u00f0ar var\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnlagar\u00e1\u00f0. Fundah\u00f6ld st\u00f3\u00f0u yfir \u00ed li\u00f0lega fj\u00f3ra m\u00e1nu\u00f0i og voru verk stj\u00f3rnlagar\u00e1\u00f0s jafnan birt almenningi, jafnframt \u00fev\u00ed sem augl\u00fdst var eftir athugasemdum og till\u00f6gum fr\u00e1 borgurunum. Almenningur lag\u00f0i fram li\u00f0lega 3.600 athugasemdir, og leiddu \u00fe\u00e6r til \u00f3tal breytinga. Lokadr\u00f6g voru sam\u00feykkt einr\u00f3ma af \u00f6llum fulltr\u00faum stj\u00f3rnlagar\u00e1\u00f0s og loks l\u00f6g\u00f0 fyrir \u00feingi\u00f0 og \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ina. Um tveir \u00feri\u00f0ju kj\u00f3senda s\u00f6g\u00f0ust vilja \u00feessi dr\u00f6g sem grundv\u00f6ll a\u00f0 n\u00fdrri stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1.<\/p>\n

Aldrei haf\u00f0i neitt \u00feessu l\u00edkt gerst \u00ed s\u00f6gu stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1rr\u00e9ttar. Ef l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i er vald \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ar, og ef fullveldi l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ar byggist \u00e1 vilja \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar, \u00fe\u00e1 er \u00feessi a\u00f0fer\u00f0 og \u00feessi stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 eins gild og \u00f3svikin og stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1r annarra r\u00edkja heimsins. \u00de\u00f3 hefur Al\u00feingi hafna\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feessi stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 skuli \u00f6\u00f0last gildi. \u00de\u00e1 kviknar spurning sem hver og einn sem berst fyrir l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i um heimsbygg\u00f0 alla hl\u00fdtur a\u00f0 spyrja sig: me\u00f0 hva\u00f0a r\u00e9tti?<\/p>\n

Vi\u00f0 ger\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1rinnar var vissulega gert r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 h\u00fan yr\u00f0i a\u00f0 lokum l\u00f6g\u00f0 fyrir Al\u00feingi til sam\u00feykktar, r\u00e9tt eins og drottningin leggur blessun s\u00edna yfir skipun r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rnar Breta. Drottningunni er hins vegar lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 valdi\u00f0 sem fylgir \u00feessum r\u00e9tti hl\u00fdtur a\u00f0 vera takmarka\u00f0, ef Bretar eiga a\u00f0 teljast l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0is\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lag. Sama \u00e1 vi\u00f0 um \u00cdsland. \u00deegar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0in hefur loki\u00f0 vi\u00f0 st\u00f3rvirki \u00e1 bor\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00feetta, sami\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 \u00e1 v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6kari og opnari h\u00e1tt en nokkur d\u00e6mi eru um \u00ed s\u00f6gu stj\u00f3rnskipunarr\u00e9ttar og fengi\u00f0 verki\u00f0 sta\u00f0fest me\u00f0 ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u r\u00e1\u00f0gefandi \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aratkv\u00e6\u00f0agrei\u00f0slu, hefur \u00fe\u00e1 Al\u00feingi nokkurt si\u00f0fer\u00f0islegt<\/em> vald til \u00feess a\u00f0 hafna henni?<\/p>\n

Vitaskuld eru ekki allir jafnhrifnir af \u00f6llu sem \u00fear er a\u00f0 finna, enda er l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0i ekki fyrirheit um fullkomleika, og engin stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 hefur nokkru sinni vaki\u00f0 \u00f3skipta hrifningu allra, sem h\u00fan var\u00f0ar. N\u00e6gir \u00fear a\u00f0 nefna d\u00e6mi\u00f0 um frelsi einnar millj\u00f3nar afr\u00edskra \u00fer\u00e6la, \u00feegar Bandar\u00edkjamenn sam\u00feykktu stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 1808, en \u00fea\u00f0 frelsi braut \u00ed b\u00e1ga vi\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1na.<\/p>\n

A\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed er \u00cdsland var\u00f0ar m\u00e6tti spyrja hverjum fullveldi\u00f0 tilheyri. Er \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0in fullvalda e\u00f0a er h\u00fan \u00fea\u00f0 ekki? Ef \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0in er fullvalda, krefst h\u00fan \u00feess \u00fe\u00e1 ekki a\u00f0 vilji hennar s\u00e9 virtur?<\/p>\n

\u00deetta er vitaskuld spurning sem var\u00f0ar \u00cdslendinga, en l\u00edka heimsbygg\u00f0 alla. Fullveldishugtaki\u00f0 hefur \u00fer\u00f3ast \u00ed t\u00edmans r\u00e1s. \u00dea\u00f0 var hj\u00e1 gu\u00f0i, hj\u00e1 konungi, hj\u00e1 el\u00edtu, og loks hj\u00e1 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0inni. \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0ir heims l\u00edta hver til annarrar \u00ed leit a\u00f0 hugmyndum. Afrek \u00edslensku \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar, sem samdi stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1 me\u00f0 opinni og gegns\u00e6rri a\u00f0fer\u00f0, hefur veitt millj\u00f3num manna innbl\u00e1stur. \u00deeir eru \u00fe\u00f3 mun fleiri sem fur\u00f0a sig \u00e1 andst\u00f6\u00f0u Al\u00feingis. \u00deegar Thomas Jefferson var a\u00f0 semja sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0isyfirl\u00fdsingu Bandar\u00edkjanna tala\u00f0i hann um \u201e\u00f3afturkr\u00e6fan r\u00e9tt \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ar til \u00feess a\u00f0 breyta e\u00f0a \u00f3gilda\u201c stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1. \u00c1 \u00fev\u00ed herrans \u00e1ri 2016 ber okkur a\u00f0 breyta or\u00f0um hans til \u00feess a\u00f0 hnykkja \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed sem m\u00e1li skiptir: \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00f3afturkr\u00e6fur r\u00e9ttur \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ar a\u00f0 breyta, e\u00f0a \u00f3gilda, e\u00f0a semja stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1, a\u00f0 minnsta kosti \u00fear sem valdi\u00f0 er hj\u00e1 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0inni.<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00fd\u00f0andi: \u00d3l\u00f6f P\u00e9tursd\u00f3ttir<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Lawrence Lessig er pr\u00f3fessor vi\u00f0 lagadeild Harvard-\u00adh\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum. Hann gaf kost \u00e1 \u00a0sem forsetaefni demokrata \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum fyrir kosningarnar 2016 en dr\u00f3g frambo\u00f0 sitt til baka \u00e1\u00f0ur pr\u00f3fkj\u00f6r og kj\u00f6rfundir r\u00edkjanna byrju\u00f0u. Hann hefur stutt \u00f6tullega vi\u00f0 kr\u00f6fu um endursko\u00f0u \u00e1 bandar\u00edsku stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1nni. — \u00deegar sko\u00f0u\u00f0 er saga stj\u00f3rnarskr\u00e1a um v\u00ed\u00f0a ver\u00f6ld kemur… Continue reading Hunsar Al\u00feingi fullveldi \u00edslensku \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar?<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2962,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2960","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","entry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/Pf3GBW-LK","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.stjornarskrarfelagid.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2960","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.stjornarskrarfelagid.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.stjornarskrarfelagid.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.stjornarskrarfelagid.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.stjornarskrarfelagid.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2960"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/old.stjornarskrarfelagid.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2960\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/old.stjornarskrarfelagid.is\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2962"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/old.stjornarskrarfelagid.is\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2960"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}